As if cleaning and caring for clothing isn’t hard enough, occasionally you’ll experience a mishap that results in a stain. It’s important to understand the type of stain and the material it’s threatening in order to safely remove it and avoid permanent damage to the clothing.

Prevent Setting

For any type of stain on any clothing, you must act quickly. As soon as the spill occurs, remove the offending substance from the material with water. Depending on the stain and material, there are other solvents you can use to treat the stain before washing or dry cleaning. Water is universal, though be sure to use cold or lukewarm water, especially on wool. Never use hot water or salt on wool. For silk, rinse the whole article after you remove the stain to prevent water spotting.

Do not apply pressure to stains. When you rinse or apply different solvents, dab or pat the material with a white cloth. Allow the solvent time to soak in on its own. If you scrub, you’ll work the stain further into the fabric, permanently damaging the clothing.

Avoid heat until the clothing is completely clean. If you attempt to wash in the machine but the stain is still visible, do not put it in the dryer or iron it.

Dirt and Coffee

For most dirt or grass stains, vinegar or lemon juice is effective. It also removes coffee and tea or tape and glue residue. Once you’ve treated the stain, wash cotton or polyester in cold with detergent. For other synthetic fabrics, take it to the dry cleaners to finish treatment and cleaning. Remember: never use hot water or acids on wool.

Blood and Wine

Salt is very effective for blood and sweat stains. It also works for spilled red wine. Plus, it’s relatively cheap and you likely have some on hand when a spill occurs. Sprinkle salt on a wetted stain to give it something to soak into. Dab or pat the stain; never scrub.

Grease

Often times a harsher dish detergent will break down tough greases or sauces. If you’re not seeing results, mineral spirits also work, but not on delicate fabrics. Wash the clothing thoroughly after treatment or take it to the dry cleaners for expert care.

When it doubt, seek professional cleaning services. Once you’ve rinsed with water, find a dry cleaner and leave it to the pros. Do not risk ruining your clothes because you’re unsure or don’t have the right products on hand.